Drawing this figure for a light wave does not mean that light rays move up and down in the air. All we can vary is the amplitude, but we can do this in interesting. Optics benjamin crowell book 5 in the light and matter series of introductory physics textbooks optics. Geometrical optics where light is described by rays which show the paths of energy transfer. A ray that reflects off the intersection of the mirror with the central axis will reflect symmetricallynot a very good ray. First up, some conventions used when people diagram light and lenses.
Official, free, no login, fast pdf download glide to success with doorsteptutor material for neet. This document is highly rated by class 12 students and has been viewed 1214 times. Pdf download ray optics and current electricity notes. If two plane mirrors are inclined to each other at 90o, the emergent ray is anti parallel to incident ray, if it suffers one reflection from each. Geometric optics is discussed as an approximation to wave theory when the wavelength is very small compared to other lengths in the problem such as the size of openings. Imaginary lines that follow single beams of light shows path of. The light and matter series of introductory physics textbooks. The path is called a ray of light, and a bundle of such rays constitutes a beam of light.
Please practice these derivations from optics to excel in physics for class 12 cbse physics. Notes and important points on ray optics physics aieee. A light ray from a source goes in a straight line through the air, but when it encounters a lens, prism, or mirror it bends or changes direction. Wavelength of visible light is 400 nm to 750 nm speed of light in vacuum is highest speed. Total internal reflection when light travels from an optically denser medium to a rarer medium at the interface, it is partly reflected back into the same medium and partly refracted to the second medium. It states that for each and every object, there is an image. Ray optics and optical instruments 311 this case is to be taken as normal to the tangent to surface at the point of incidence. Notes and important points on optics physics jee mains. Many results of geometric optics involving reflection, refraction mirrors and lenses are derived in a unified way using fermats principle of least time. At any instant, a photograph of the surface would show circular rings on which the disturbance is maximum. Which travel in all directions with the velocity of light in the medium. It is a medium through which light can be propagated easily.
In principle, the second law of thermodynamics permits an optical device to. In the module to follow, you will learn about the otherphysical wave optics. Revision notes on ray optics and optical instruments. Notes simplylearnt sign up to read notes on optics.
The frequency of the ir device is set and we cannot change it. Physical optics lecture notes pdf 44p this note covers the following topics. Phys 201 lecture 16 ray or geometrical optics i open. In this module, you will learn about one of the two main divisions of basic opticsgeometrical ray optics. It is a medium through which light is propagated partially. Light optics benjamin crowell book 5 in the light and matter series of introductory physics textbooks. They are not to be copied or distributed without the consent of the author.
Now download physics hand written notes of current electricity and ray optics pdf for free jeemain. Download study material of ncert physics xii chap 9ray optics. This relationship can be written as the following equation. Deviation produced by a plane mirror and by two inclined plane mirrors. Optics notes topics in these notes are wave properties polarization focal lengths geometrical optics i. All the distance measurements are done from pole of the. Pdf download allen mock test papers for jee with solutions may 16, 2020 pdf download allen jee mains 2020 minor and major test papers with solutions apr 12, 2020 pdf buy jh sir physical chemistry notes for class 12 mar 8, 2020 pdf nv sir 11th class physics notes for jee and boards feb 27, 2020 pdf download nv sir physics notes complete for jee feb 22, 2020. This is because we observe the processes emission, reflection, scattering at a distance 10cms with bare eyes that are much longer than the wavelength of light 107. Ray optics revision notes pdf for jee main iit books. An optimized nonimaging optics example the flux at the surface of the sun, 6. Parthasarathy 2008 page 4 note that the magnitude of.
Class 12 physics notes on ray optics containing top concepts like ray optics, optical instruments section, reflection of light, refractiom through a prism etc. For larger angles of incidence, the incident ray does not cross the interface, but is reflected back instead. Describe the relationship between collimated light and the focal points of convex and concave mirrors. We have already studied that the geometric centre of a spherical mirror is called its pole while. The most common lenses are circular with two faces, each being portion of a sphere. Photometry is a branch measurement of light energy. Lecture notes optics pdf 57p this note covers the following topics. Ray optics and optical instruments section i reflection of light nature of light light is an electromagnetic radiation which causes sensation in eyes. Overall this classroom revision notes will be very useful for jee main optics section. Ray optics or geometrical optics in this optics, the light is considered as a ray which travels in a straight line. Fermats principle leads to principle of reversibility. The following lecture notes for phys 221, optics and. Geometrical optics can be treated as the limiting case of wave optics when size of obstacle is very much large as compared to wavelength of light under such conditions the wave nature of light can be ignored and light can be assumed to be travelling in straight line rectilinear propagation.
The angle of incidence is always equal to angle of reflection. Longitudal waves are those in which the displacement of the mediumor eld is in the direction of the wave. In this module, you will learn about one of the two main divisions of basic optics geometrical ray optics. Physics notes for class 12 chapter 9 ray optics and optical instruments light light is a form of energy eyes. Reflection reflection is the phenomenon of changing the path of. That is, the normal is along the radius, the line joining the centre of curvature of the mirror to the point of incidence. Choose from 500 different sets of study notes science olympiad optics flashcards on quizlet. The following lecture notes for phys 221, optics and thermal physics, are the sole property of the author, prof. Pedrotti cord waco, texas optics is the cornerstone of photonics systems and applications. Like in mirrors, the lenses surfaces can be convex, concave or plane. You hear about fiberoptic cables whenever people talk about the telephone system, the cable tv system or the internet. Class 12 physics notes ray optics notesgen notesgen.
In optics the definite integral is integral of the time required for the transit of the light ray from starting to finishing proper value of x that minimizes the optical path length and keeps it stationary at the vicinity. This process, first reported by erasmus bartholinus in 1669, is called double refraction. When two waves of exactly same frequency coming from two coherent sources travels in a medium, in the same direction simultaneously then due to their superposition, at some points intensity of light is maximum while at some other points intensity is minimum. Class 12 physics revision notes for chapter 9 ray optics and. Lecture notes optics pdf 57p download book free book centre. Wave optics propagation, interference and diffraction of waves axel kuhn, oxford 2016 paul ewarts lecture notes and problem sets.
Light is a form of energy which produces the sensation of sight in us. Archimedes and other ancient greek thinkers made original contributions but we mention here heron of alexandria c. Notes simplylearnt sign up to read notes on ray optics. Ray optics and optical instruments class 12 notes pdf download. Models for light propagation a ray model geometric optics b wave model physical optics c photon model quantum optics 2. Wave properties in general there are two types of waves. Ray optics and optical instruments class 12 notes chapter 9 1. Ray optics and optical instruments class 12 notes chapter. Light passing through a calcite crystal is split into two rays. This document is highly rated by class 12 students and has been viewed 21914 times. Download the solutions, study material, lecture notes in pdf format of chapter 9 ray optics and optical instruments from ncert physics xii. Use raytracing techniques to locate the images formed by.
Geometrical optics provides a good understanding of the propagation of light in transparent media and the. Tissues, organs, and systems of living things unit notes. The optics revision notes covered entire syllabus of optics for jee main 2018 exam. Physical optics lecture notes pdf 44p download book. A praying mantis preys along the central axis of a thin symmetrical lens, 20 cm from the lens. Superposition of waves, interference, optical interferometry pdf 1. Optics notes massachusetts institute of technology. The figure is trying to say that electric field at a point is increasing and decreasing oscillating as the light passes by. Physics notes for class 12 chapter 9 ray optics and. The incident ray, normal and reflected ray all lie in the same plane. Chapter notes geometrical optics, class 12, physics iit.
Every point on the surface starts oscillating with time. Thin lenses are those whose thickness is small compared to their radius of. Light and lenses this post covers my notes from chapters 1214 in the system for opthalmic dispensing. Ray optics for imaging systems course notes for imgs321 11 december 20 roger easton chester f. It includes the basics of lens diagrams, the refractive index, prisms, spherical lenses, cylindrical lenses, lens form, transposition, base curves, and vertex distance. Characteristics of light light waves are electromagnetic waves, whose nature is transverse. In this chapter, we consider the phenomena of reflection, refraction and. Mistakes in notes wrong mcq option the page is not clearly visible answer quality needs to be improved your name. Apr 20, 2020 ray optics class 12 notes edurev is made by best teachers of class 12. Based on rectilinear propagation of light valid only if. This post covers my notes from chapters 1214 in the system for opthalmic dispensing. Eikonal equations, gradient index lenses, hamiltonian optics pdf 11. The figure is highly exaggerated to show the effect.
The phase of any optical carrier is extremely difficult, if not impossible to control. Pdf download ray optics and current electricity notes jeemain. Class 12 physics revision notes for chapter 9 ray optics. Firstorder optics a thirdorder optics, aberrations b higherorder approximations 3. Class 12 physics revision notes for chapter 9 ray optics and optical instruments free pdf download. The lateral magnification of the mantis provided by the lens is m 0. Actual sunrise means the actual crossing of the horizon by the sun. New cartesian sign convention for spherical mirrors. S3 physics unit two summary notes mr downie 2014 3 pressure is defined as the force per unit area. Nov 27, 2016 apr 20, 2020 ray optics class 12 notes edurev is made by best teachers of class 12.
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